Qipao
The Qipao—also known as Cheongsam in Cantonese—is a form-fitting Chinese dress that blends traditional grace with modern sophistication. With its high collar, side slits, and elegant silhouette, it has become one of the most globally recognized symbols of Chinese femininity.
Originally worn by Manchu women in the Qing Dynasty, the Qipao rose to iconic status in 1920s Shanghai, where it became the favorite dress of socialites, celebrities, and intellectuals.
Features of the Qipao
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| High Mandarin Collar | Represents modesty and refinement |
| Form-Fitting Shape | Accentuates the waist and hips |
| Side Slits | Adds grace and ease of movement |
| Frog Buttons | Handmade cloth buttons for decoration and closure |
| Fabrics | Silk, brocade, satin, velvet—often with embroidery or floral motifs |
A Short History of the Qipao
| Era | Evolution of Qipao |
|---|---|
| Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) | Worn loosely by Manchu noblewomen; long, straight, modest |
| Republican Era (1920s–30s) | Shanghai designers modernized it—adding curves, slits, and shorter lengths |
| Post-1949 | Qipao faded from everyday wear in Mainland China but continued in Hong Kong and Taiwan |
| 21st Century Revival | Returned as a symbol of Chinese elegance in film, weddings, fashion, and pop culture |
Types & Variations of Qipao
- Classic Qipao (Traditional) – Ankle-length, straight cut, modest
- Modern Qipao – Shorter, body-hugging, with bold colors or prints
- Wedding Qipao (Longfeng Gua) – Red with gold embroidery of dragons and phoenixes
- Velvet or Lace Qipao – Popular for evening wear
- Daily/Business Qipao – Soft cotton or blended fabrics for casual elegance
Symbolism & Meaning
Red Qipao – Worn for weddings and celebrations, symbolizing happiness and luck
Embroidery Motifs:
- Peony – Beauty and nobility
- Phoenix – Grace and femininity
- Lotus – Purity and peace
- Dragon & Phoenix – Auspicious union in marriage
When to Wear a Qipao Today
- Weddings & Engagements
- Cultural Festivals & Lunar New Year
- Graduations & Formal Events
- Photoshoots & Film
- Everyday Wear (modern cotton versions)
The Qipao continues to evolve—not just in form, but also in meaning—now embraced by women who value both tradition and empowerment.
Qipao vs. Hanfu – What’s the Difference?
| Feature | Qipao | Hanfu |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Manchu (Qing Dynasty) | Han Chinese (pre-Qing) |
| Fit | Fitted, body-hugging | Loose, flowing layers |
| Usage | Modern/formal wear | Ceremonial or cultural revival |
| Design | One-piece, slit dress | Cross-collar, multiple layers |
| Era Popularized | 20th century (Shanghai) | Ancient dynasties (Zhou–Ming) |
Qipao in Pop Culture
- Featured in iconic films like In the Mood for Love and Lust, Caution
- Worn by celebrities such as Gong Li, Zhang Ziyi, Maggie Cheung
- Seen at red carpets, beauty pageants, and global fashion shows
The Qipao has become a global fashion icon, representing cultural pride, elegance, and timeless beauty.
Whether worn as a wedding gown, a cultural statement, or a modern fashion piece, the Qipao tells a story of grace, strength, and identity. Its lasting legacy continues to inspire designers and empower women across generations.