What Is Hanfu? A Beginner’s Guide to Traditional Chinese Clothing
In recent years, Hanfu — the traditional clothing of the Han Chinese — has captured global attention. From fashion shows in Paris to streetwear in Beijing, Hanfu is no longer just a historical costume but a modern cultural movement. For many, wearing Hanfu is a way to reconnect with history, while for international admirers, it’s an entry point into Chinese culture.
What Is Hanfu?
Hanfu literally means “Clothing of the Han people”, referring to the attire worn by the Han Chinese for thousands of years before the Qing dynasty. Unlike uniforms or court-only garments, Hanfu was once daily wear for scholars, farmers, and royals alike.
Key Features of Hanfu:
- Flowing robes with wide sleeves
- Crossed collars (known as jiaoling youren, right-over-left closure)
- Sashes instead of buttons
- Multiple layers, often with symbolic colors
Hanfu vs Kimono vs Hanbok
Many people confuse Hanfu with the Japanese kimono or Korean hanbok. While they share cultural exchanges, each has distinct features:
- Hanfu (China): Long, layered robes, wide sleeves, and elegant belts.
- Kimono (Japan): Straight-line structure, stiff collar, and the iconic obi belt.
- Hanbok (Korea): High waistline, vibrant colors, and simple curved lines.
Hanfu is often considered more flowing and versatile compared to the structured silhouette of the kimono or the vibrant simplicity of hanbok.
Basic Elements of Hanfu
Hanfu comes in many styles depending on dynasty and purpose. Here are a few essentials:
- Shenyi (深衣): A one-piece robe common in the Han Dynasty.
- Ruqun (襦裙): A blouse (ru) paired with a long skirt (qun).
- Zhiduo (直裰): A straight robe often worn by scholars.
- Accessories: Belts, jade pendants, embroidered shoes, and hair ornaments complete the look.
Popular Hanfu Styles by Dynasty
- Tang Dynasty (618–907): Bright colors, wide sleeves, luxurious fabrics.
- Song Dynasty (960–1279): Elegant simplicity, soft patterns.
- Ming Dynasty (1368–1644): Structured robes with standing collars, highly influential in modern Hanfu revival.
Where to Wear Hanfu Today
While once daily wear, today Hanfu is often seen in:
- Traditional festivals (Mid-Autumn Festival, Lunar New Year)
- Cultural events and weddings
- Street fashion, especially among young enthusiasts
- Photoshoots, travel, and even casual outings
Hanfu is increasingly worn casually, blending tradition with jeans, sneakers, or modern coats.
Hanfu as a Bridge Between Past and Present
Hanfu is more than just clothing — it’s a cultural revival. It represents elegance, history, and the pride of a 5,000-year-old civilization. Whether you’re Chinese rediscovering heritage or a global admirer curious about traditional fashion, Hanfu offers a unique way to connect with culture.
FAQ
Q1: Is Hanfu the same as cosplay?
No. While some people wear Hanfu in cosplay, Hanfu itself is authentic historical clothing, not a costume.
Q2: Can foreigners wear Hanfu?
Absolutely! Many enthusiasts around the world enjoy Hanfu respectfully as cultural appreciation.
Q3: How expensive is Hanfu?
Prices vary. Simple modern Hanfu can cost $50–$150, while custom handmade sets can go into the thousands.
Q4: What’s the difference between Hanfu and Cheongsam (Qipao)?
Hanfu is ancient, flowing, and layered; the cheongsam (qipao) is a modern 20th-century dress with a fitted silhouette.
Q5: Where can I buy Hanfu online?
There are global Hanfu stores and even options on Etsy, Amazon, and dedicated Hanfu websites.